Triticum sphaerococcum has deep historical roots in the Indian subcontinent, where it was once widely grown and considered a distinct species of wheat. The species was particularly suited to the semi-arid conditions of the north-western parts of the Indian subcontinent. This spherical grain feature likely played a role in its cultivation in regions where drought resistance and efficient water use were important. However, by the late 19th and early 20th centuries, T. sphaerococcum saw a significant decline in cultivation as other wheat varieties, especially the more productive, began to dominate. The spread of modern high-yielding wheat varieties, changes in agricultural practices, and the introduction of irrigation contributed to the replacement of Indian dwarf wheat in many regions. Though its cultivation has declined over the past century due to the rise of high-yielding modern wheat varieties, this ancient species still holds immense potential. Its drought tolerance, heat resistance, and ability to grow low input agriculture make it a key genetic resource for future wheat breeding programs, particularly in the context of climate change and the need for sustainable agricultural practices.
Triticum sphaerococcum, Gene Bank, Drought, Heat tolerance
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