Genes of the crop reacts to the environment and gives the trait expression accordingly. The environment viz., climate, soils, abiotic and biotic factors are influences the total output of the crop traits. Knowledge of the relative contributions of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype and environment interaction are very important for a breeder to select the superior lines in the breeding programmes. Every plant breeder facing challenges to partition the genotypic and environmental effects and their interaction effects during the breeding programmes to select the heritable traits. The Genotype and environment interaction gives effects on yield and quality of the grain yield in any crop crops.
Genotype, Environment, Genes, crop reacts, climate, soils, abiotic, biotic factors
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