In the developing countries like India, waste water management remains the most important cause for many pollution and disease spread due to poor sanitation. Grey water is the domestic waste water excluding toilet waste water gains attention in the present scenario for recycling and reuse. Application of this grey water after proper treatment can be put to many uses in urban areas thereby reducing the demand for fresh clean water. Treated grey water is well advocated in agriculture for crop cultivation. Of the total grey water generated in the country, 10% is contributed through kitchen waste water that accrues from households. Since this waste water is low in contamination, treatment through any methods is possible and feasible for reuse. Regarding the chemical composition, grey water is very less in nitrogen levels than sewage water. Unlike rainwater harvesting, grey water is not dependent on unpredictable cycles of monsoon and variability of rainfall and is therefore a reliable water resource. Further, the high nitrogen and phosphorus content that is harmful to aquatic life, when used in irrigation can make a good nutrient or fertilizer source.
Grey Water Recycling, Utilization, cause pollution, disease
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). (2018). The 11 cities most likely to run out of drinking water – like Cape Town. Accessed on June 18, 2018
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB). (2000). Guide on artificial recharge to ground water, Ministry of Water Resources, Available at: https://bit.ly/2Jsn1v3
Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Available at: https://bit.ly/2y0FSbl
Del Porto, D. & Steinfeld, C., (2000). What about Graywater, The composting toilet system book. Massachusetts the Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention (CEPP), Concord, Massachusetts, pp. 167-193.
Fachvereinigung Betriebs - und Regenwassernutzung E.V. (FBR), (2012). Greywater Recycling and Reuse, Available at: https://bit.ly/2JwSRCS
Ferguson D. (2014). Grey water systems: can they really reduce your bills? The Guardian, July 21.
Hong Anh, D. et al. (2003). Trihalomethane formation by chlorination of ammonium- and bromide-containing groundwater in water supplies of Hanoi, Vietnam. Water Research, 37, 3242–3252.
Indian Express. 2018. Shimla water crisis: Govt. schools to remain closed for a week, The Indian Express, June 3.
Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division-Asce, 102(3): 533-548.
Lambe J & Chougule R. (2009). Grey water – Treatment and Reuse, Second International
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). 2012. Recycling and reuse of sewage, Available at: https://bit.ly/2sTQunB
Oron G., Adel M., Agmon V., Friedler E., Halperin R., Leshem E. & Weinberg D. (2014). Greywater use in Israel and worldwide - Standards and Prospects. Water Research, 58, 92-10.
Pachkor R. & Parbat D. (2017). A Literature Review on Integrated Approach for Greywater Treatment. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 5, (4).
Press Trust of India (PTI). (2015). India to become water scarce by 2025, The Hindu, July 31.
Ridderstolpe, P. (2004). Introduction to Grey water Management. EcoSanRes Publication Series. Report 2004-4. Stockholm Environment Institute; Stockholm, Sweden. Available from www.ecosanres.org
Safi, M. 2018. Tourists told to stay away from Indian city of Shimla due to water crisis. The Guardian, May 31.
Schneider L., 2009. Greywater reuse in Washington State, Washington State Department of Health, Available at: https://bit.ly/2MkmCse
Shegokar V., Ramteke D. & Meshram P. (2015). Design and Treatability Studies of Low Cost Grey water Treatment with Respect to Recycle and Reuse in Rural Areas. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4 (8): 113-124.
Siegrist, R., Witt, M. & Boyle, W.C. (1976). Characteristics of Rural Household Wastewater.
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) EcoSanRes Factsheet 8 May 2008
WHO. (2005). Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater and excreta in agriculture and aquaculture. (Draft)
www.ecosanres.org Stockholm Environment Institute Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden Tel +46 8 674 7070 Fax +46 8 674 7020 www.sei.se EcoSanRes.
